Wednesday, 5 May 2010

GONDS: A STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL-TRIBAL LIFESTYLE








TRIBAL POPULATION IN TELANGANA STATE


ST population (as per 2011 Census) in lakhs 

Total State Population-350.05

Total ST Population - 31.78 (9.08 %) 

32 Tribal Communities including 4 PvTGs
ST Population in ITDA Districts- 16.83 (52.96%)
ST Population in Other Districts-14.95 (47.04 %)
% ST Literacy (2011) 49.80
% ST Male Literacy (2011) 61.02 
% ST Female Literacy (2011) 40.64 
No of Districts Having Scheduled Areas-9 Adilabad, Komarambheem-Asifabad, Mancherial, Jayashankar Bhupalapally, Warangal Rural, Mahaboobabad, Bhadradri Kothagudem, Khammam and Nagarkurnool districts.
Scheduled Area Mandals – Fully 30, Partly 55 = Total 85-1174 
Scheduled Area GPs-1282, 100% ST GPs in Plain areas-1177

Scheduled Areas
"Scheduled Areas” mean the Scheduled Areas as referred to in Clause (1) of Article 244 of the Constitution. 

The Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which mentions Scheduled Areas, is termed as a "Constitution within a Constitution". 
Long History of Differential Approach for Scheduled Tracts or Areas since almost 60 years before independence.

Conciliatory approach to tackle great resistance by tribal communities by the colonial British as a practical response. 

Scheduled District Act, 1874 ensured that such areas could be made exempt from the operation of certain acts which could prove detrimental to such areas. 


PROFILE OF TRIBAL COMMUNITIES

---Lambada Largest Tribal Community in Telangana (20.44 lakhs); Dispersed nomadic Tribe; Colorful Costumes and Intricate needle work.

---Koya Largest Adivasi Community of Telangana (3.81 lakhs) Indigenous knowledge systems; the famed Medaram Samakka Saralamma jatara is the largest Tribal fair in Asia.

---Gond/ Naikpod Third largest Tribal Community (2.97 lakhs) Adivasi Community; Freedom fighting legacy; Ojha Craft work.

---Yerukala Fourth Largest Tribal Community of Telangana. (1.44 lakhs) Strengths: Basket Making works; Sooth Saying with rich oral traditional literature; prominent economic activity of pig rearing.

---Kolam Largest PvTG Community (0.44 lakhs) Adivasi Community with contiguous interstate zone. Basketry and Bamboo craft; Ancient living and ancient language.

---Pardhan Tribal Community of Telangana (0.24 lakhs) Singing and Oral Traditions, story telling, relatively more literate.

---Chenchu PvTG Community in Nallamalla Forests (0.16 lakhs) Sustainable lifestyle, Honey Tapping, fishing.

---Andh Ancient Tribe (0.13 lakhs) Ethnobotanic and Rich Medicinal Knowledge, Spirtuality.

---Thoti PvTG Community in Adilabad Tract (0.04 lakhs) Bards and Traditional singers, Body art/ Tattooing, Repositories of genealogies, performing arts

---Kondareddis Ancient Tribe (0.02 lakhs) Bamboo work, toddy tapping(Jilugu kallu)



TRIBAL CULTURE & LAWS

Tribal Research Institute set up in each State by Min of Tribal Affairs • Research, documentation, Ethnic studies, community studies etc • Museums, cultural programmes, Trainings • Focus on subjects like Forest Rights Act • PESA (Panchayat Extn to Scheduled Areas) also coordinated through TRI- Trainings and literature etc.

Tribal Culture Tribal Festivals Along with major tribal festivals like Medaram Jathara and Nagoba Jatara the minor tribal festivals like persapen, Bhemanna Jatara and Mohua food festivals were also being documented to showcase the tradition and identity of adivasis. 

Telangana: Tribal temples to get funds

DECCAN CHRONICLE.

Jan 30, 2017  
Traditionally, tribals offer prayers to their deities in nature or in various forms in granite and metal.
Adilabad, the hub of tribal population, sees religious season after Dasara with tribal Gonds, Kolams celebrating Ghusadi festival followed by others. They visit their deities and offer prayers. 
Hyderabad: For the first time, tribal temples in the state will be surveyed and extended financial aid on the lines of other Hindu temples that have meagre financial resources.

Traditionally, tribals offer prayers to their deities in nature or in various forms in granite and metal. However, of late, temples are being constructed in tribal belts.

Andh tribals pray to Siral, Gonds to Nagoba, Janga Bai etc, Kolam to Bheem Devera, Naik Pod to Laxmi Devara, Koya to Samakka Sarakka, Kondareddy to Musalamma, Lambada to Sevalal Maharaj (Guru) etc, Yerukala to Amma Talli, Chenchu to Mallikar-juna Swamy/Brahmarambha among scores of other deities in the state.

However, not all deities have temples, according to Dr D. Satyanarayana, curator, Nehru Centenary Tribal Museum and Tribal Cultural Research and Training Institute.

The total tribal population is about 36.02 lakh, 9.91 per cent of the 3.63 crore population in the state spread over Adilabad, Warangal, Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda and other places.

Lambada Largest Tribal Community in Telangana (20.44 lakhs); Dispersed nomadic Tribe; Colorful Costumes and Intricate needle work


NEHRU CENTENARY TRIBAL MUSEUM, HYDERABAD















































By C R Gowri Shanker

Hyderabad, May 4: Newly recruited IAS officers will have to compulsorily serve for two years in tribal areas under a new proposal to improve the lot of tribals who continue to remain backward in all spheres compared to those living on plains.

The Government has also decided to develop two little known Yerukala and Kupia languages with Telugu script for preparation of text books.

Every Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) will soon be headed by an IAS officer and will be given a fixed tenure of 2 years.

According to Mr A K Tigidi, Special Chief Secretary to Government, Tribal Welfare, newly recruited IAS officers would have to serve two years service in ITDA in the first 10 years of service.

The main objective is to ensure effective administration in tribal areas and availability of government schemes and programmes to them.

In the new Tribal Empowerment policy for 2010-2015, government found that tribals
continue to lead a life of seclusion and backwardness in all spheres including nutrition,education, health, employment, basic amenities, medicare and infrastructure.

It has proposed a comprehensive policy package for holistic development of 50.24 lakh ST population of the State during the next five years.
The policy will endeavour to fill the gaps in the existing tribal development framework, strengthen the service delivery system, ameliorate the conditions responsible for the distress and deprivation being experienced by those living in remote and interior areas, and address the emerging challenges confronting the tribal communities, especially those living in the sub plan areas of the State.
One of the policy visions includes doubling the income of every tribal household by 2015 through provision of assets that produce sustainable income.

Despite several welfare measures, STs continue to be far behind those living in plains.

Latest studies have found no improvement in the status of tribals. Literacy rate of STs is 37.04 per cent as against the overall state average of 60.47. Literacy among ST women is 26.11 as against 50.43 women literacy rate.

Similarly, drop out rate among tribal school going children of Class 1 to X is also
alarming at 81.77 per cent as against State average of 60.73 per cent in boys and in
girls it was 82.76 per cent as against State average of 61.38 per cent.

Infant mortality rate too is very high, 1,092 villages have no connectivity while out of 5,948 villages only 4,856 have some kind of road, 818 habitations have now power, 1,475 habitations lack safe drinking water among other shortcomings.
Government reaffirms its commitment to ensure that 6.6 per cent of the plan budget is spent on tribal areas in key development sectors. It has also proposed investment of Rs 14,000 crore in tribal areas by key departments like education, forest, agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, ground water, housing youth services, industries, rural development, TRANSCO, rural water supply, minor irrigation
among others.
.....

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